"The main causes of the [Polish Government Tupolev Tu-154M] crash were two explosions taking place just before landing.
One of them impacted the left wing near its mid-point and caused an extensive damage, effectively breaking the wing in two. The other, inside the fuselage, caused an profound damage and dismemberment of the latter, as well as loosening the connection of the left wing and fuselage. The landing in a woody area, no matter how unfortunate and at what angle, was incapable of causing the documented fragmentation of the structure." Read More here ...
"I take full responsibility for what I am about to say; I am under the impression that what took place [in regards to providing adequate security for President Lech Kaczyński, and the Polish delegation flying to Smoleńsk, Russia by the Government Protection Bureau wasn't a simple dereliction of duty, but rather, it was a [premeditated and] conscientiously carried out effort of somebody, who in an unofficial capacity, was diminishing the importance of all international visits undertaken by our late President, Mr. Lech Kaczyński. I state this was with full understanding [of what it means]"
"This neo-communist mafia is capable of anything. You don't even have any idea what they are capable of doing." Lech Kaczynski, President of the Republic of Poland
An interview with Antoni Macierewicz.
Antoni Macierewicz, is a former Internal Affairs Minister, former Vice-Minister of National Defence, and a member of Polish Parliament. Mr. Macierewicz heads the Parliamentary Committee ( "Zespół Parlamentarny Ds. Zbadania Przyczyn Katastrofy TU-154M z 10 kwietnia 2010 r.") set to investigate and to establish the causes of the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash.
Q: Are you then, Mr. Representative, suggesting that the passengers know what is taking place?
A: Yes. They see, they feel, and they are conscious of the unfolding drama - both, the pilots, and the passengers, alike.
The "Smolensk Widow" Beata Gosiewska Exposes the "Smolensk Crash Lie" ...
“In the end, they finally eliminated the enemies they hated for so many years." Read it here ...
Follow Dr. Kushner on Twitter!
Polish Plane Crash Fact sheet:
The Plane: The TU-154M, 101, was the Polish Government's military Air vessel in service with the Polish Air Force’s 36th Special Aviation Regiment (pol. 36 Specjalny Pułk Lotnictwa Transportowego im. Obrońców Warszawy), operated by, and under jurisdiction of the Polish Ministry of National Defense. On April 10, 2010, the Tupolev TU-154M, 101, was conducting a flight designated as "HEAD" ("Important") with the President of the Republic of Poland, Lech Kaczynski, and 95 other individuals onboard. This flight was communicated to the Russian Federation as a military flight. Flights of governmental Air vessels traveling in Russian Federation airspace, are regulated by Russian Federal Aviation Laws. According with the Russian Ministry of Defense regulatory laws, and specifically, the Clause (No. 275 / FAPPPGosA) from September 24, 2004, regulating the military flights, flight supervisors (ground controllers) are obligated, at their discretion, to approve, or to forbid, landing of military Air vessels.
***
The Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation and the Investigative Jurisdiction:
"Article 3 : Civil and state aircraft
(a) This Convention shall be applicable only to civil
aircraft, and shall not be applicable to state aircraft.
(b) Aircraft used in military, customs and police services
shall be deemed to be state aircraft [...]
Article 82: Abrogation of inconsistent arrangements
The contracting States accept this Convention as abrogating all obligations and understandings between them which are inconsistent with its terms, and undertake not to enter into any such obligations and understandings. A contracting State which, before becoming a member of the Organization has undertaken any obligations toward a non-contracting State or a national of a contracting State or of a non-contracting State inconsistent with the terms of this Convention, shall take immediate steps to procure its release from the obligations. If an airline of any contracting State has entered into any such inconsistent obligations, the State of which it is a national shall use its best efforts to secure their termination forthwith and shall in any event cause them to be terminated as soon as such action can lawfully be taken after the coming into force of this Convention."
Denis Chagnon ("ICAO"), the International Civil Aviation Organization's spokesman: "ICAO is the International Civil Aviation Organization. The crash in April [2010] was [a crash of the] state aircraft. It was not a civilian aircraft"
***
April 12, 2010, 12:30 – 14:30 - An interview with Mr. Pavel Plusnin [Smolensk Air Traffic Controller] interviewed by Col. Ireneusz Szelag, the Polish Military Prosecutor’s Office:
Ireneusz Szelag: “What type of airport is Severny?”
Pavel Plusnin: “The Severny airport is part of the [Russian] national aviation establishment, and is under jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.”
Ireneusz Szelag: “Based on your interaction with the crew of the TU-154, on April 10, 2010, how would you assess their command of the Russian language? Was it sufficient enough to correctly understand the commands issued by the air traffic controller[s] during the radio communications? [Was it sufficient enough] to assure the safety of the flight?”
Pavel Plusnin: “Based on my interaction with the crew of the TU-154 aircraft, on April 10, 2010, I reached the conclusion that the crew had an adequate command of the Russian language. This level [of understanding of the Russian language] was sufficient to correctly understand commands given by the flight controller[s] during the radio communications, in order to assure the safety of the flight.”
Ireneusz Szelag: “What were the weather conditions on April 10, 2010 [in Smolensk, Russia], during the landing attempt of the TU-154?”
Pavel Plusnin: “Around 2 - 3 minutes before the approach, … the visibility - in my opinion - was probably around 800-1,000 meters [ 2624 - 3280 feet ...] According to the report of the meteorologist, the cloud cover was at around 80 meters [262 feet]”.
***
Flight Plan: PLF 101-I-M (“M” – military), Instrument Flight, via restricted HEAD air corridor. Departure EPW A050, Air Speed N0400 (400 knots/700 km/h), Altitude F270 (27,000 feet). Departure from Okecie, Warsaw, towards the coordinate BAMSO Z182, into the air corridor ASKIL B102; Flight Destination ZZZZ015, Secondary Airports: (1) UMII (Vitebsk - (Витебск), (2) Minsk (Минск) (UMSS); Flight Operator: OPR/Polish Air Force; Flight Status: STS/HEAD (President, Prime-Minister, or Marshal of the Sejm onboard); Flight Date: DOF/100410.
Above: Over 300000 signed petitions delivered to the Polish Parliament.
October 21, 2010, Warsaw: "The Association of the Katyn Families 2010" delivered 300000 signed petitions to the Polish Parliament, calling for the establishment of an Independent International Commission.
"Warsaw, October 21, 2010
Association of the Katyn Families 2010
Honorable Bronislaw Komorowski,
President of the Republic of Poland
Because of a particular significance of the Polish government plane crash near Smolensk, in which President of the Republic of Poland Lech Kaczynski, and other individuals, leading the most important institutions of Polish state had died, on April 10, 2010, and having taking under consideration voices of the public opinion, the Stowarzyszenie Rodzin Katyn 2010, appeals to Mr. President to take the necessary actions to appoint an international commission to investigate the causes of the crash.
The investigation of the causes of this national tragedy, conducted by relevant institutions of the Russian Federation, raises serious doubts and concerns, leading to the appearance of many types of speculations. The attempts of the Polish military prosecutors, compelling the Russian authorities to conduct specific actions, have been thus far unsuccessful. A particular example of this is the treatment of the aircraft wreckage. Similarly difficult to understand are delays and untimely responses to Polish requests for legal assistance.
The Stowarzyszenie Rodzin Katyn 2010, received over 300,000 signatures of the Polish citizens supporting the initiative of establishing the above mentioned [International] Commission. We were supported by a great number of Polish-American, and Polish-Canadian citizens. We ought not to ignore their voices. We will be appealing this matter before all relevant Polish and International institutions. We believe that only the International Commission, having confidence of the [Polish] citizens, can and will contribute to the intensification of the investigation, and at the same time will lead to the explanation of the causes of the crash.
The said signatures were deposited in the offices of the Parliament of the Republic of Poland, and are at any time available for viewing.
Respectfully,
on behalf of the Association of the Katyn Families 2010,
Zuzanna Kurtyka, Chairwoman,
Magdalena Merta, Deputy-Chairwoman".
Above: Genie is out of the bottle! The Polish citizens are holding a banner: “Ask your Prime-Minister [Donald Tusk] where the 40 tons of the Tupolev went?”.
November 20, 2010: Andrei Illarionov, Russian libertarian economist and former economic policy advisor to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, joins Antoni Macierewicz's Independent Parliamentary Inquiry of the April 10, 2010, Smolensk, Russia, Plane crash.
Polish President's Plane Crash Analysis
April 10, 2010, Polish TU-154M Plane Crash Near Smolensk, Russia No Accident. Retired Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Scientific Intelligence Officer Gene Poteat Speaks Out.
***
"Russian Image Management"
Making Unpleasant Historical Truths About Poland Disappear:
The KGB’s latest intelligence coup, and NATO’s latest intelligence disaster
By Eugene Poteat *
About the Author: S. Eugene (Gene) Poteat is a retired senior CIA Scientific Intelligence [1] Officer. He is President of the Association of Former Intelligence Officers (AFIO) [2]. He was educated as an electrical engineer and physicist. He holds a Masters in Statecraft and National Security Affairs from IWP[3]. His career in intelligence included work with U-2 and SR-71 class of aircraft and various space and naval reconnaissance systems. He also managed the CIA's worldwide network of monitoring sites. He holds patents on covert communications techniques. His CIA assignments included the Directorate of Science and Technology, the National Reconnaissance Office, Technical Director of the Navy's Special Programs Office and Executive Director of the Intelligence Research and Development Council. He served abroad in London, Scandinavia, the Middle East and Asia. He received the CIA's Medal of Merit and the National Reconnaissance Office's Meritorious Civilian Award for his technological innovations. More About Eugene (Gene) Poteat Here ...
Times change, but the ways countries hide unquestionable acts of genocide, remain the same. And attempts to force acknowledgement of, or to commemorate, such acts can trigger desperate, sometimes bizarre acts of revenge or disavowal. Turkey uses their current strategic usefulness to force the U.S. to be equally blind to the Armenian genocide of 1915 to 1923 when 1 million indigenous Armenians were killed, an act perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire, the predecessor of modern Turkey. Japan refuses to acknowledge their atrocious slaughter of hundreds of thousands of Chinese women, children and men in 1937 in the Nanking (China) massacre. The 1994 Rwandan genocide of almost a million Tutsi – a killing of 20% of the population – was denied, then quickly glossed over, and then legally deemed forgotten to hasten a half-baked reconciliation. The 1992 to 1995 genocide of Bosnians at the hands of Serb nationalism resulted in 200,000 killed and 2 million refugees – and constant official renunciation of guilt. The Muslims in Somalia slaughtered the defenseless Somali subsistence farmers to steal land, animals and crops, while the ineffective U.N. waffled, doing nothing, claiming it was relying on assurances by the Muslim government that these were small, harmless skirmishes.
The denials continue. Genocide is underway now in Darfur in the Sudan. Even the U.S. downplays its own genocide, two centuries ago, of indigenous American Indian tribes – to steal their land, after slaughtering their animals and people – after decades of white settlers violating treaties, proclamations, and assurances with them.
Into this sordid history comes the recent misbegotten idea by the Polish people to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the 1940 slaughter of 22,000 Polish officers and others in the Katyn Forest [near Smolensk, Russia] carried out by the Soviet secret police: an event long denied by the USSR, [4] and continued by modern propagandistic, Putin-inspired Russian ‘historians.’ The slaughter came under orders from Lavrentiy Beria, head of the NKVD, and endorsed by Stalin and the Politburo. Beria was Vladimir Putin’s KGB predecessor. The Katyn forest victims included 8000 military offices, the rest being doctors, professors, lawmakers, police officers, public servants, landowners, factory owners, lawyers, priests, and anyone considered Poland’s “intelligentsia.” Poland’s current president, Lech Kaczynski, his wife and twin brother Jaroslaw, along with other top government officials, the chief of the Polish General Staff, senior military officers, president of the National Bank of Poland, the deputy foreign minister, senior members of the Polish clergy, and relatives of victims of the Katyn Forest massacre, gathered at the Warsaw airport, before boarding their official government airplane for Smolensk, Russia. At the last minute, it was decided that Jaroslaw would not board the airplane, but stay behind since their elderly mother was severely ill.
The Poles Forgot One Thing… the Russian Motto: Maintain Total Deniability
The trip to Smolensk was expected to highlight Russia finally admitting culpability in the massacre, after long having blamed it on the Germans, an atrocity they had tried to conceal for over 70 years. As for the reception committee, it had different ideas. Putin wasn’t looking forward to such an occasion. Into this poisonous reception brew was President Kaczynski’s well-known public criticism of Moscow and Putin, a habit that has ended the lives of others within Russia – and abroad. A few discouraging Russian requirements – that Kaczynski could not attend in any official capacity – did not halt the Poles. Kaczynski would go anyway on non-official, “personal” business. To Russians, such a distinction would be meaningless, not lessening the possible international excoriation of such an event. A problem ripe for a modern, Russian solution: a tragic, ‘natural’ accident.
Yes. The airplane crashed at 8:41 am Moscow time, April 10th, on its final approach to the Smolensk airport, in bad weather, killing all 96 people on board, The crash of the plane decapitated the cream of the top officials who were behind the push to expose the secret police files of past and current collaborators of both the Polish and Soviet/Russian secret police. With these people now dead there is no political top cover in Poland to continue this effort. This is exactly what Putin wanted. Prime Minister Tusk is a weak and manipulable guy who hated the late Polish President. The Russians now have their creature to work in place, with no opposition from a strong anti-communist President. Practically everyone in Poland, and many others around the world, strongly suspected that Russia, especially Putin, must have had a hand in the crash. Not an unusual claim since the same accusations followed the poisoning and/or mysterious ‘natural’ deaths of Putin critics: Anna Politkovskaya, Alexander Litvinenko, among others.
The airplane
The airplane was a 20-year-old Russian TU-154M that had been refurbished and upgraded in Russia four months before, and probably completely bugged. The TU-154 is a three-engine model similar to the older Boeing 727. The airplane was equipped with all the necessary electronic navigation and instrumentation to land safely, even in foul weather. The instrumentation was the latest and best, and included a standard ILS (Instrument Landing System) [5] receiver which would guide the airplane to the edge of the Smolensk runway—providing the ILS receiver and ground based transmitters are reliable and working properly. The TU-154M was also equipped with an American made TAWS (Terrain Avoidance and Warning System), latest models called GPWS (Ground Proximity Warning System). During the airplane’s refurbishment a satellite phone system was also installed. Satellite phone installations can cause interference with an airplane’s other instrumentation, which was encountered, and fixed, during installation. President Kaczynski used the satellite phone to speak with his twin brother in Warsaw during the flight to Smolensk. The plane was also equipped with two Russian made black boxes that record an airplane’s vital signs, one Polish made black box, and a cockpit voice recorder that can give crash investigators clues to the causes of a crash.
Smolensk airport
The ILS ground transmitters at the Smolensk airport is the Russian version of the U.S. ILS system, which transmits two beams; one called the glide slope for the airplane to follow in descending to the runway, the other to keep the airplane aligned horizontally with the centerline to the runway. ILS ground installations can, under certain circumstances, be unreliable, as when an automobile might be parked or moving in front of the transmitting antennas. American pilots landing ILS must be insured by the control tower the ground in front of the ILS antennas are clear of objects, such as parked or moving automobiles.
The pilot of the TU-154, with Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk on board, had successfully landed at Smolensk airport only days before the crash. The pilot, fluent in Russian, had no problems in communicating with the Smolensk control tower. Interestingly, the Russian Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin, had flown into Smolensk three days before the crash—but he arranged to have his own portable landing system brought in, probably a GCA radar (Ground Controlled Approach radar) which can talk the pilot to a safe landing in bad weather. Putin departed after 3 or 4 hours. My guess is that Putin’s pilots knew the Smolensk ILS could be unreliable and wanted their own GCA there for safety. Forty minutes before the crash, a Russian YAK-40 airplane with 40 people on board landed safely. Twenty minutes before the crash a Russian AWAC airplane did a touch-and-go at the airport then flew on to Moscow
The crash – Katyn Massacre Redux 2010-style
The Smolensk airport was fogged in, but the airport had not been declared as closed. As the TU-154 approached the airport, the tower suggested the pilot divert to Moscow. This is standard practice by both military and civilian flights around the world. The pilot responded that he would make one attempt to land, but if that failed, he would fly on to another, clear airport. At the outer marker, two kilometers from the runway, the airplane was on track. At the inner marker, one kilometer from the runway, the plane was suddenly 40 to 60 meters to the left of the centerline and 2.5 meters above the ground, below the glide path, and traveling 280 K/hr, with throttles applied (for a go-around) at the time of the crash. The aircraft’s reported speed of 280 K/hr has to be an error. This is twice the speed of a normal landing approach. At this point the pilot applied full power to abort the landing attempt, but it was too late. The plane struck trees, flipped over, and crashed well short of the runway.
The aftermath, the Cover-up, Denial and Deception
Russian president Medvedev announced that Russia would work closely with Poland in the crash investigation to learn the cause— Russian pabulum for Western ears. Immediately after the crash, and before any investigation had begun, the Russian “Minister of Security” in Moscow announced the cause of the crash was pilot error [good of them to wait until the crash happened], and blamed it on the pilot’s poor command of Russian in communications with the control tower. Edmund Klich, chief of Polish investigating committee later revealed to the Polish parliament that the Russian traffic controller who talked with the pilot of the presidential plane had disappeared. The Russians said that he retired. The Polish pilot was known to speak flawless Russian, but in this investigation, a minor technicality. Russians quickly took control of the crash site, recovered the black boxes, and – never to miss an intelligence-gathering opportunity – stripped the 96 dead passengers of personal effects, luggage, laptop computers, flash drives, cell phones, sensitive papers, names, telephone numbers, correspondence, documents, and top secret military and diplomatic codes—a coup for Russia's intelligence service. Because of the intelligence value from the crash, and the need for the smoothest of public sleight-of-hand with the coming denials, Putin placed himself in charge of the Russian crash investigation. A master who knows his craft.
On June 6th, Russia announced publicly that four of their soldiers had been charged with the theft of credit cards from the bodies of some of the victims and using the cards to obtain cash—within two hours of the crash. This announcement will surely convince the world that Russia has changed its murderous ways and that all their recent murders were just tragic, isolated crimes. Russia also announced that there were two other people in the cockpit during the approach, A Polish Air Force general, the pilot’s boss, who probably urged the pilot to try to land, and an unidentified woman. Although this happens frequently, just to watch—I have done this myself—the Russian message was clear; it was their own fault.
The Russians delayed for weeks before returning the less sensitive items, but kept items of intelligence value. The bodies were shipped to Moscow for “autopsies.” No Polish medical people were permitted as witnesses. Only after six days was Kaczynski’s cell phone returned.
Russian security officers interrogated Polish family members who traveled to Moscow to recover the bodies, sometimes for hours, denying access to the bodies until after the interrogations. There has been no verification that all the bodies were accounted for. The bodies were returned to Poland in sealed coffins for burial and families of the victims were not permitted to open the coffins. Under Polish law, official permission from the state prosecutor's office is required to exhume a body, and that office has denied family requests, apparently for fear of offending Russian sensibilities.
As for the investigation, the Russians have kept all the airplane’s black boxes and refuse to release or comment on their findings, except to say it could be a year before any results are announced. It could indeed take a long time. Putin’s ‘commission’ investigating the crash needs time – for memories to fade and time to concoct a Russian-version of the cause of the crash. Perhaps as long as it has taken Russia to acknowledge responsibility for the Katyn massacre, yet to happen. While the Russian investigation is in violation of a few agreements – the Chicago Convention that governs international air crashes and a bilateral 1993 agreement that joint commissions would conduct investigations of aircraft disasters affecting both countries – Russian violation of agreements is S.O.P. A Polish aviation official, in touch with the Russian investigation, reported to Poland that "We know everything that happened but the Russians forbid us to tell you." So does anyone with room temperature IQ following this event.
Merely A Conspiracy Theory?
Conspiracy theories abound. Looking at the Katyn Forest massacre, the behavior of other countries guilty of similar genocides, the KGB’s history of killings, genocides, murders and assassinations to rid itself of rivals, critics or anyone who has become inconvenient or a vocal opponent, it is no wonder the Poles – and others – see the heavy Russian hand behind the crash. There was the Soviet genocide in the 1920s when they starved nearly 20 million Ukrainians to death, killing millions of their own people throughout the life of the USSR. So what is another hundred in a crash to get rid of those pesky Poles, and their temerity at seeking, in Smolensk, to rub in the face of Russia some sordid account of a wartime massacre? And it was payback for Poland’s alliance with NATO. For many of us from the intelligence community we well remember the Soviet practice of manipulating navigational beacons to lure American military planes into Soviet territory to be shot down, “for violating sacred Soviet airspace.” They thought nothing of shooting down Korean Air Boeing 747, knowing it held several hundred civilian passengers. The Russian solution now is to make it go away quickly – as quickly as that ill-fated commemoration will be forgotten.
Policy-wise, the Russians saw our decision to grovel before them (the "reset", the giving up of ballistic missile defense after we promised the Czechs and Poles, our acquiescence to their activities in Georgia and Ukraine, our begging for their non-help on Iran, et al.) as a green light to do what they did with the plane crash. They concluded we would say nothing -- and we didn't.
And what, if anything, can America do? Nothing. Their plate is full with wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, a vast ecological disaster unfolding in the Gulf, North Korea starting the next war between the Koreas, and at home, unrest over the illegal invasion of America by Latinos hiding under the misapplied term of “immigrant,” a failing economy, and other political tsunamis. Besides, strategic utility isn’t reserved only for Turks. Aren’t the Russians helping in America’s war on terrorism? That means American outrage and concerns over the Polish ‘accident’ will have to be as hollow and toothless as Russia’s ‘investigations’ to solve the crash mystery. The Poles, however, see this as Yalta II, i.e., another sell-out by the US. Poland is seething over this; the Obamisti may think this will fade away, but the Poles and the rest of Central Europe know better. For them this is a monumental betrayal.
Life – as is history – is unfair. The Poles are in the same spot as the Armenians, the Somalis, the Tutsi, the American Indians, the Incas, the Eskimos, and others. Crucial alliances trump acknowledgement of prior bad acts. I ignore your genocides, you ignore mine. The guilty get a free pass. Or, in the argot of modern TV sitcoms: Nobody Talks, Everybody Walks. And then there is the old KGB saying, "It is no accident, Comrade!"
By Eugene (Gene) Poteat
* Gene Poteat is an electrical engineer (The Citadel) and a retired CIA scientific intelligence officer. He served abroad in London, Scandinavia, the Middle East and Asia. He is president of the Association of Former Intelligence Officers (AFIO), writes and lectures on intelligence matters and teaches at The Institute of World Politics graduate school in Washington; the IWP is scheduled to award Gene Poteat an honorary doctoral degree on June 5. He may be reached at G2Poteat@gmail.com.
Footnotes:
[1] The CIA [Central Intelligence Agency] is an independent agency responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior US policymakers. The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is nominated by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director manages the operations, personnel, and budget of the Central Intelligence Agency.
[2]AFIO members subscribe to the US intelligence community’s core values of patriotism, excellence, integrity, dedication and loyalty. By understanding the history of intelligence from its ancient world underpinnings to twenty-first century wizardry, AFIO’s key objectives and principles are to support today’s needs and foster forward thinking.
[3] The Institute of World Politics (IWP), is a graduate school founded to fill a major national need: to supply professional education in statecraft, national security, and international affairs offered nowhere else.
[4]Aleksander Marek Szczyglo (b. October 27, 1963 – d. April 10, 2010, Smolensk, Russia). From 15 January 2009 until his death he was the chief of the National Security Bureau. National Security Bureau (Polish: Biuro Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego, BBN) is a Polish government agency executing the tasks given by the President of the Republic of Poland regarding national security. Bureau serves as the organizational support to the National Security Council.
[5] Mr. Poteat later determined the Smolensk airport did not have an ILS, but in no way does this change his conclusions.
Updated: October 21, 2010
Also See: "Polish President's Plane Crash Two Years Later": "The Russians had the means, motive, and opportunity" to assassinate the Polish president. Retired Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Senior Scientific Intelligence Officer Eugene Poteat revisits the lingering questions surrounding the 2010 plane crash in Smolensk, Russia”.
***
Danish Engineer Glenn Jorgensen Challenges the Official Polish & Russian Reports
A Danish civil engineer’s calculations have attracted a lot of attention in connection with a national trauma in Poland. 10 April 2010 - a Polish governmental plane crashed during a landing approach in Smolensk, Russia. All 96 persons on board, including President Lech Kaczynski, were killed. Spurred by the desire to find the correct explanation, Danish Glenn Jorgensen repeatedly participated in conferences on the plane crash in Poland, has communicated with Poland’s leading expert in aircraft accidents, and in late January 2014, took part in a hearing before the Polish Parliament. The reason his analysis arouse much commotion is because it supports conjecture that the accident was not an accident but an assassination. Glenn Jorgensen says to “Ingeniøren” that his analysis does not show the cause of the crash, only shows that it could not have occurred as indicated by AAIB. Read Mr. Jorgensen's AnalysisHere ...
***
Conclusive evidence of explosives detection emerges! Antoni Macierewicz Press Conference, July 19, 2013. Examples of Spectrometer readouts released to the public.
Spectrometer readouts offer conclusive proof of the detection of C4, TNT, RDX, HMX (octogen), p-MNT (para-mononitrotoluene ), nitroglycerine, and other explosives on the wreckage and seats of the Polish Air Force One, Tupolev TU-154M plane that crashed in Smolensk, Russia on April 10, 2010, killing Poland's president, and 95 others. See it below.
Screendumps of Smolensk crash spectrometer readouts can be downloaded below:
***
An interview with Lieutenant Artur Wosztyl, Flight Captain on the YAK-40, and key witness in the ongoing investigation into the mysterious crash of Flight PLF101 that killed Poland's president Lech Kaczynski, and 95 others on April 10, 2010.
"From this moment on, they began to inflict (the proverbial) pain on us, because Gen. L. Majewski wanted to very quickly get it all done and over with. When we refused [to sign this phony admission of “guilt” statement], they began to intimidate all of us. They told us that we will never be allowed to fly again, that they will revoke our pilots’ licenses, and that they will send us so far - that it will be years and years before this case will ever be solved. " After the unexplained “suicide” of Ensign Remigiusz Muś, a key witness in the investigation of the crash of Flight PLF101, the Antoni Macierewicz Parliamentary Commission investigating the causes of this crash, requested that Flight Captain Wosztyl be placed in protective custody. Its request was denied by the Polish government.
Three years have passed since the suspicious Smolensk Plane Crash of April 10, 2010. During this time, new developments in the case occurred and evidence continued to surface. Most disturbingly, these findings have anything but dispelled doubts about the veracity of the official, FSB/KGB-manufactured Moscow-Warsaw “pilot error” line. Instead, they have consistently pointed in the direction of foul play. Since the mainstream media and public opinion in the West do not appear to have been following these developments or registered the geopolitical significance of Smolensk, it seems appropriate to elaborate on some of the more recent findings. For brevity’s sake, this article will mention only developments which occurred after mid-2012, for I have focused on the background and previous discoveries in two SFPPR News & Analyses articles.
Remigiusz Mus, the flight engineer on Yak-40 whose landing immediately preceded PLF 101 and whose testimony implicated the Russian flight controllers, died of suicide. This rounds out the death of the entirety of key witnesses whose testimonies could prove that the flight controllers bore at least partial responsibility for the mysterious crash that killed the Polish President Lech Kaczynski and 95 others near Smolensk, Russia, on April 10, 2010.
***
Smolensk Crash Conference in Warsaw: On October 22, 2012, in Warsaw, nearly 100 scientists from the United States, Australia, and Poland, held a multi-disciplinary scientific conference into the causes of the 2010 crash of the Polish Government's Tupolev TU-154M near Smolensk, Russia. Among the participants were NASA and Boeing Aircraft & Space Division consultants, engineers, data analysts, explosives' experts, and others, representing many of Poland's prestigious technical universities, and scientific research institutions. While debunking the irregularities and falsifications in the official MAK and Miller Commissions' reports, the prevailing conclusion reached by its participants pointed to the likely explosion onboard of the aircraft carrying the Poland's president and 95 others.
Following is a presentation of the University of Maryland's, Dr. Kazimierz Nowaczyk, PhD, a physicist and quantitative analysis expert. For more information about this conference, its goals, participants, and the conclusions reached, please visit the www.SmolenskCrashNews.com.
The Official Polish & Russian Crash Reports Debunked by Scientists.
Puzzling inconsistencies in the official Polish and Russian Government reports analyzed by independent experts.
New leads and emerging crash causes explained by Dr. Nowaczyk.
Explosive Update! Explosives found on as many as 30 seats from the Polish government Tupolev Tu-154M that crashed on April 10, 2010 - reported Poland's largest daily "Rzeczpospolita" on October 30, 2012. Cezary Gmyz, its investigative journalist confirmed that the information came from four highly credible sources involved in the investigation. "Rzeczpospolita's" findings were also corroborated by the Polish Parliamentary Group's Chairman, Mr. Antoni Macierewicz, as well as Dr. Kazimierz Nowaczyk, who published preliminary results of the explosives' analysis of the crash site samples performed by an independent laboratory in the United States.
Detection of Explosives (April 26, 2012) Independent Tests Confirm Presence of Explosives!
Materials
Two samples identified as 1. safety belt and 2. a shirt sleeve
Methyl alcohol (sigma - Aldrich.com)
EXPRAY® (ExplosiveDetection.org, Feasterville, PA) field test kit for explosives detection and identification.
Producer: Mistral Security, Inc., Bethesda, MD
Detection and Identification Method
Extraction
Samples were placed separately into two stainless steel containers. They were rinsed with methanol twice and left for three hours to dry out. The remaining alcohol was evaporated with an air dryer.
Testing
The extract that accumulated on the bottom surface of the container was tested using the EXPRAY® test kit. The level of kit sensitivity indicated by the manufacturer is 20 ng. A bottom of the container was wiped out with a collection paper which has been sprayed subsequently with spray 1, 2, and 3. The paper was observed after each spray for the appearance of stains. The stain was compared without the color chart for interception of results.
Results
While no explosive material has been detected in the sleeve extract, three collection papers used to wipe out the bottom of the container with a safety belt extract indicated a stain consistent with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (T.N.T.). The test has been repeated after 24 hours and papers photographed.
Conclussion
It appears that the safety belt has been exposed to the explosive material (T.N.T). Future investigation involving analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry is necessary to confirm preliminary results to indicate T.N.T. presence in the material tested.
***
TNT After All!
Did Polish Military Prosecutors' Office lie to the international media during its press conference in Warsaw on October 30, 2012? Was the international public opinion purposefully misled by the Polish military prosecutors? It is noteworthy, that on October 30, 2012, during the international press conference in Warsaw concerning the discovery of the TNT on the wreckage of the Polish president's plane, Mr. Szelag said the following: "'It is not true that investigators found traces of TNT or nitro-glycerine,' said Colonel Ireneusz Szelag from the military prosecutors' office." (Source: Reuters)
***
Dr. Wieslaw Binienda, PhD on Discovery Channel: More evidence of explosions onboard of Polish government TU-154 emerges. Has the wall of silence at last crumbled?
***
Dr. Wieslaw Binienda, PhD, a lead scientist on the team of Antoni Macierewicz's Parliamentary Committee, shares his hypothesis about the causes of April 10, 2010 crash that killed Polish President Lech Kaczynski, and 95 others.
Tomasz Sakiewicz, the Editor in Chief of Poland’s leading opposition newspaper “Gazeta Polska”, goes on the record: "The Polish president [Lech Kaczynski] was murdered!"
"I wish that the present reality was different, that all that had happened didn’t. [I wish] that the world would return to what it once was, before April 10, 2010. I wish, that I could have a glass of wine with Janusz Kurtyka, and was able to invite Sławek Skrzypek to that postponed dinner; or, if only once again, I could hear yet another of Stefan Melak’s tirade. [I wish, I could just once again] gossip a little with Lech Kaczynski at the Belweder. It will never be the same again. Somebody stole it brutally. But, there are 40 million Poles who were left behind – they must know the truth! The must know what is taking place in their country, who governs them, and what was done to those who wanted to govern them differently. I am convinced, that today, I wrote the whole truth about it."
Already during the first night of the crash, the Russians were removing the most important pieces of evidence from the crash site, that is, the remains of the Polish President’s Tupolev, TU-154M. Parts of the aircraft were transported away without any prior planning, and some of them were even destroyed. How is it possible, that the Tatiana Anodina's Interstate Aviation Committee abr. MAK - Межгосударственный авиационный комитет (МАК) investigating the causes of this crash was able to examine the remains so quickly? The MAK investigates crashes of planes, that itself certifies as airworthy, for use in its own airspace. In this respect, the MAK is serving as a judge and jury in the case against itself. Conveniently, in 85% of the MAK’s investigations, its findings point to so-called human [pilot] error...
A picture is worth a thousand words! The handling of the TU-154M wreckage and the destruction of evidence ... Never before published photos and video footage from the crash site.
"Misja Specjalna" [eng. Special Mission]. A TVP1 Documentary, October 5, 2010.
Synopsis: The images and video footage you are about to see were never published before. This is the wreckage of the Polish government’s plane that crashed on April 10, 2010 in Smolensk. This documentary shows how the members of the Russian special services who were present on the site of the tragedy during the first days after the crash handled the wreckage. The majority of the trees, that the Tupolev TU-154 is alleged to have made contact with, were cut down ... The wreckage was left unprotected from the elements for months. The footage that documents the actions of the Russians show how the wreckage, that is the most important piece of the evidence in this crash, was being destroyed. The remains of the wreckage where moved from place to place. The larger pieces were stretched-out, compacted, and crushed. The majority of the aircraft remains were not analyzed in any way. In the end, the wreckage remains found their way onto an auxiliary landing strip at the Severny airport. The Russian investigators and the representatives of the Prime Minister Donald Tusk's Polish government claimed that the crash site was thoroughly searched, and that all human remains were carefully collected. Yet, contrary to those assurances, to this day more human remains are being found...
Polish TU-154 Crash Site photos depicting "careful" and through "analysis" of the plane wreckage immediately after the crash.
Major Robert Trala, ret., explossives expert, before Polish Parliamentary Commission, February 17, 2012: ""I was asked questions regarding the [breaking of the] TU-154M windows [with crowbars by the Russians - see the evidence destruction video above], and if I could comment on that, and if it could be considered a piece of evidence? […]. The aircraft's windows in particular, are, and should, of course, be considered an important piece of evidence. Why? Because, just as any window, in any vehicle, or, in any means of transportation, it is subject to [the internal barometric] pressure [and stress]. Even in a common car, as it [the glass window] is being mounted [onto the vehicle] and is glued-on, it is already then, subject to internal stresses […] as I was viewing photos of the [TU-154M] windows at an angle; I noticed clearly visible discoloration in the windows. This blemish, this discoloration, showed evidence of internal stresses to which they were subjected. An aircraft, and its windows, as it travels in the air, or not, are always subject to the pressure […] In order to conclusively discard a hypothesis of an internal explosion on the plane, the analysis of the pressure exerted on these windows, would have provided a considerable amount of invaluable information […]" More here ...
***
Why did they all fly on the same aircraft? Magdalena Merta explains
January 12, 2013, Toronto, Canada. The wife of the late Deputy-Minister of Culture Tomasz Merta: "What I am about to tell you now, are suspicions - and not even my own - but, rather the [suspicions of the] individuals in the inner-circles of the [Polish] military… I heard a statement that was made - but, I am not taking any responsibility for how credible, or not credible it is. [I heard that] had the generals and journalists' not been re-assigned to different aircraft, it wouldn't have been the Tupolev [Tu-154M], but rather the Casa [transport aircraft] that would have been taken out.
Because the Generals were no longer onboard the Casa, there was no reason for it to get airborne. And for this reason it was the Yak[-40] that flew off to Smolensk. This Casa [transport aircraft] was never examined in any way. It was not subject to any examination. Aside from a single note in the deposition given to the military, no one was interested why this aircraft didn't fly [to Smolensk]. Perhaps, this is someones crazy phantasy, but perhaps it isn't.
Some [Polish] military personnel had suggested, that it [the Casa] had to stay behind at the Okecie military [tarmack], so that the explosives could be removed from it - because they were no longer needed […] I am only repeating what I was told."
***
What they said about Polish President's Plane Crash on April 10, 2010 ...
Viktor Yushchenko, former president of Ukraine, interviewed by "Uwazam Rze", February 15, 2011: "The MAK’s report raises many doubts. If we were to accept the credibility of this document [the MAK report] on its face value, we ought to base it on the evidence. After all, it [the evidence] is missing. What we are left with are suspicions and emotions, because we don't know any facts […] there are other unknowns as well. [For example] why was the control tower [in Smolensk] receiving instructions from Moscow? After all, in these kinds of situations the decisions are to be made by the men in charge of the airport". Read More here about Polish Plane Crash Disinformation ...
Viktor Suvorov, former Soviet military GRU intelligence officer interviewed by Mariusz Bober for "Nasz Dziennik":"On the day of the crash, the Russian leaders declared that they will help in every possible way to explain the cause of the crash. - Of course (laughing), what else could be expected? This is only propaganda [...] Undoubtedly you spoke with other Russians about the crash. What do they think about it? - There are primarily two opinions which are expressed. Some are convinced that it was a crime. Others are of opinion that the Russian Government is making things up in order to come up with an easy explanation for the crash - i.e. that it was because of the fog.
Considerable numbers of Russians have no opinion about this matter at all; they are not interested in it at all, because they want to live comfortably, just like everywhere else. But, there are a great number of people who understand that something horrible had happened [...] Four months after the crash in Smolensk the Russian government doesn't want to give Polish investigators the most important documents related to this matter, for example the protocols of the autopsies. Why is Moscow behaving this way? - There are two possible versions of the events, and even if the Russian regime was not involved in the crash directly, its subsequent conduct had a character of criminal activities".
Dr. Harvey Kushner, PhD: As a recognized authority on terrorism, Dr. Harvey Kushner has advised elected officials, military personnel, and foreign governments as well as trained federal agencies from the DHS to the FBI, to name a few. He also worked for to the U.S. Probation Department as an analyst for criminal investigations, intelligence and terrorism. Kushner’s private sector clients have ranged from chemical and petrol manufacturers to multi-national financial institutions. He currently serves as an expert for the Polish Parliamentary Committee tasked with investigating the April 10, 2010, plane crash that killed Polish President Lech Kaczynski. Visit Dr. Harvey Kushner's Website
"21st century technologies allowed us investigative powers not existing a mere decade ago. It must be brought to bear in finding what really happened on April 10, 2010.
Yet, all of our scientific advances are impotent if they are shrouded under the veil of secrecy [.] The April 10 tragedy occurred on a foreign soil involving two nations with a significant history. As civilized members of an international community, we should demand the transparency only independent investigators can bring to the table. The truth must prevail. We need to insist that April 10 can never happen again. To assure future generations from experiencing another April 10th-type event, it is entirely necessary to know exactly what happened. We not only owe this to Poland, Polish children of today, and of the future, but to all around the globe who cherish the rule of law. If we run away from discovering the truth, we are doomed to repeat the history. A free society seeks to unearth the truth, no matter how distasteful it might be. We Americans fully understand why the families of the victims of 911 lobbied endless hours to obtain a balanced commission capable of thoroughly investigating all events surrounding the September 11 attacks.
'[United States Congress] House Resolution 1489 'Calling for an independent international investigation of the April 10, 2010, plane crash in Russia that killed Poland's president Lech Kaczynski and 95 other individuals.' was born calling for an independent international investigation of April 10, 2010 plane crash in Russia."
Question: Immediately, moments after the crash, the Russian side began to promote a conclusion that it [the crash] was not an act of terrorism, and [the Russians] excluded this line of investigation altogether. How should the investigation based on the well accepted international standards look like? Is it normal that this line of investigation was abandoned? Have you had an opportunity to become familiar with the conditions under which the most important piece of the evidence [that is the remains of the aircraft] have been kept for the last five months? Again, does it meet the international standards in such an investigation?
"In these type of investigation, it is highly unusual to exclude or remove anything from the table - until we have definitive forensic evidence to say otherwise […] It is unfortunate, but in the United States we had many acts of terrorism perpetrated against us, as well as numerous accidents. And, in all cases nothing is ruled out. So, to answer your question - it is highly unusual for such a quick statement to be made from someone in the scientific field. It certainly wouldn't be unusual [to have heard that] from political circles. [As far as the] scene of the disaster is concerned, I can only speak from our experience in the States. The United States has been involved in airline disasters which had taken place at 35 thousand feet; in Lockerbie, Scotland, in which the debris was scattered over miles, and American, Scottish, and British authorities made every effort to secure the scene. We've recovered debris under the ocean of TWA800 and reassembled an entire 747-100; every piece, from a 10 foot structure, to something measuring a centimeter. I have not been at the scene of the disaster [near Smolensk, Russia]. I have seen pictures. I've read media reports, and I ask those here: Is the scene of the disaster secured as I stand here and speak with you? I think you all know the answer." For more up-to-date information please visit Dr. Kushner's Facebook ...
"Prof. J. Michael Waller interviewed by Nasz Dziennik" - "Historically things like this have not been a coincidence in Russia [...] Of course it's unusual. It's even more unusual that everybody seems to be putting faith in the former KGB to run a transparent and impartial investigation, under Vladimir Putin's personal supervision. It's absurd. The Polish government should be demanding transparency as a matter of principle, to remove all doubts - and the Russian government should be offering it without being asked. If the Russian government takes offense at such a request or resists it in any way, then we will know whom to blame for the crash. I think people in the West are afraid of making that request because they are afraid to know the answer to the question".Read more here ...
Antoni Macierewicz, member of Polish Parliament, former Vice-Minister of National Defense, and former Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Poland: Ottawa, Canada, August 26, 2010 [in Polish] Question: Was it [the crash] an assassination? - What we do know for sure, is that the controllers from the Smolensk control tower, after consulting with the Russian Central, and specifically, with the secretary of the General Staff of the Russian Transportation Aviation (I am saying that based on the testimony given by the controller) is that he allowed, and to be more precise, advised this plane, Tupolev 154M, to descend to the altitude below 50 meters. When they descended to this altitude, they only had 3 seconds until the crash. And this is known for sure. Was this decision one that resulted from some sort premeditated intent, craziness, alcohol-related mistake, or anything else, I don't know. I don't want to assign any guilt at this time. But, everything points to the fact that the single mechanism that lead to the crash was the decision of the flight controller, and I repeat, one that was made after consultation with the Moscow Central, that allowed this airplane to descend to such altitude at which it was unable to survive." Read Antoni Macierewicz's interview here
"A Smell of Liquidation" - this is how the Israeli paper "Maariv" comments on the plane crash near Smolensk, in which Lech Kaczynski and his wife died, and with them key figures holding functional and security positions in the state, including commanders of all Polish of armed forces. "Long Arms of FSB?".Read more here ...
"Gaping Holes In Russia's Polish Air Crash Report" by Diana West, The Washington Examiner: "The answers Russia presented to the world in its official 2011 crash report are wholly unsatisfactory. Indeed, the Moscow-controlled crash investigation seems to have been designed to suppress or tamper with evidence to exonerate Russia of all responsibility for an accident - or guilt for a crime [... The] crash evidence was crudely destroyed (including by bulldozers), tampered with, and lied about (Russian investigators claimed no radar video recording existed, for example, but then cited it in the report). The document notes some Russian pathological reports on victims included descriptions of organs that had been surgically removed before the crash [... An independent] investigation is urgently required in 2012, and not only to solve the mystery of a vexing crash. We must find out whether the West has once again been party to another Big Lie out of Moscow." About Diana West: Diana West writes a weekly column that appears in about 120 newspapers, including the Washington Examiner on Sundays. Her work has appeared in many publications including The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Times, The New Criterion, The Public interest, The Weekly Standard, In Character, and The Washington Post Magazine, and her fiction has appeared in the Atlantic Monthly. She has made numerous television appearances as a CNN contributor to "Lou Dobbs Tonight" and "Lou Dobbs This Week." She is now at work on her second book for St Martin's Press, The Hollow Center.
Flight Manifest: Polish Air Force One Tu-154M, 36th Special Aviation Regiment, April 10, 2010:
1. Lech Kaczynski, President of the Republic of Poland
2. Maria Kaczynska, First Lady of Poland and wife of the President
3. Ryszard Kaczorowski, the last president of the Polish Government-In-Exile
4. Joanna Agacka-Indecka, President of the Polish Bar Association
5. Ewa Bakowska, librarian, activist, Federation of Katyn Families
6. Lt. Gen. Andrzej Blasik, Commander of the Polish Air Force
7. Krystyna Maria Bochenek, Vice-Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland
8. Anna Maria Borowska, Deputy Director of the Federation of Katyn Families
9. Bartosz Borowski, representative of the Federation of Katyn Families
10. Gen. Tadeusz Buk, Commander of the Polish Land Forces
11. Gen. Archbishop Miron Chodakowski, Chief Military Orthodox Catholic Chaplain Bishop
12. Gen. Czeslaw Justyn Cywinski, President of the Board of the World Association of Home Army Soldiers
13. Leszek Deptula, Polish politician, member of the Polish Parliament (Sejm)
14. Lt. Col. Zbigniew Debski, Jury Member Kapitula of the Order of Virtuti Military
15. Grzegorz Dolniak, Polish politician, member of the Polish Parliament (Sejm)
16. Katarzyna Doraczynska, Press staff member, Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland
17. Edward Duchnowski, Secretary General, Zarzad Glowny Zwiazku Sybirakow [Kresy-Siberia Group]
18. Aleksander Fedorowicz, President Kaczynski's interpreter
19. Janina Fetlinska, member of the Polish Senate representing the Law and Justice party
20. Lt. Col. Jaroslaw Florczak, member of the presidential security detail
21. Artur Francuz, member of the presidential security detail
22. Gen. Franciszek Gagor, Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces
23. Grazyna Gesicka, Polish sociologist and politician
24. Brigadier Gen. Kazimierz Gilarski, Commander of the Warsaw Garrison
25. Przemyslaw Gosiewski, Deputy Chairman of Law and Justice party
26. Rev. Canon Bronislaw Gostomski, personal chaplain to the President-in-exile Ryszard Kaczorowski
27. Mariusz Handzlik, Undersecretary of State in the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland
28. Rev. Roman Indrzejczyk, President Lech Kaczynski's chaplain
29. Lt. Pawel Janeczek, member of the presidential security detail
30. Dariusz Jankowski, staff member, the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland
31. Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka, Polish politician, member of the Polish Parliament (Sejm)
32. Rev. Jozef Joniec, member of clergy
33. Sebastian Karpiniuk, Polish politician, member of the Polish Parliament (Sejm)
34. Vice Adm. Andrzej Karweta, Vice Admiral of the Polish Navy and the Commander-In-Chief of the Polish Navy
35. Mariusz Kazana, Director of Diplomatic Protocol, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
36. Janusz Kochanowski, Commissioner for the Protection of Civil Rights of the Republic of Poland [Polish Ombudsman]
37. Brigadier Gen. Stanislaw Komornicki, Chancellor of the Order of Virtuti Militari
38. Stanislaw Jerzy Komorowski, Deputy Minister of National Defense and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
39. Warrant Officer 2nd Class Pawel Krajewski, member of the presidential security detail
40. Andrzej Kremer, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland
41. Rev. Zdzislaw Krol, Archdiocese of Warsaw
42. Janusz Krupski, Polish historian, member of the Democratic Opposition in Poland during 1980's
43. Janusz Kurtyka, Chairman of the Instytut Pamieci Narodowej (Institute of National Remembrance), historian
44. Rev. Andrzej Kwasnik, Chaplain of Katyn Families Federation
45. Lt. Gen. Bronislaw Kwiatkowski, Commander of the Polish Armed Forces Operational Command
46. Wojciech Lubinski, President Kaczynski's physician
47. Tadeusz Norbert Lutoborski, Polish economist, Chairman of the Katyn Families Federation
48. Barbara Maminska, Director of Personnel, Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland
49. Zenona Bozena Mamontowicz-Lojek, Polish historian, Chairwoman of Polish Katyn Foundation
50. Stefan Melak, journalist, Anti-Communist Democratic Opposition activist, Chairman of the Katyn Committee
51. Tomasz Merta, Poland's Undersecretary of State
52. Stanislaw Mikke, Deputy Chairman, The Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites
53. Aleksandra Natalli-Swiat, Polish economist and politician, member of the Polish Parliament (Sejm)
54. Janina Natusiewicz-Mirer, social activist, member of anti-communist opposition, archeologist, historian
55. Lt. Piotr Nosek, member of the presidential security detail
56. Piotr Nurowski, chief of the Polish Olympic Committee
57. Bronislawa Orawiec-Loffler, social activist
58. Rev. Lt. Col. Jan Osinski, Field Bishop's secretary, more about Military Chaplaincy here ...
59. Rev. Col. Adam Pilch, Deputy Chief Military Evangelical Chaplain
60. Katarzyna Piskorska, representative of Katyn Families
61. Maciej Plazynski, Polish liberal-conservative politician
62. Maj. Gen. Tadeusz Ploski, Chief Military Roman Catholic Chaplain Bishop
63. Gen, Wlodzimierz Potasinski, commander of Polish Special Forces
64. Andrzej Przewoznik, Secretary of the Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites
65. Krzysztof Jakub Putra, Vice-Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland
66. Rev. Ryszard Rumianek, rector at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw
67. Arkadiusz Rybicki, Polish politician, Solidarity Trade Union activist
68.Andrzej Sariusz-Skapski, President of the Federation of Katyn Families
69. Wojciech Seweryn, sculptor, resident of the United States
70. Slawomir Skrzypek, President of the National Bank of Poland (NBP)
71. Leszek Solski, representative of the Katyn Families
72. Wladyslaw Stasiak, Chief of the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland
73. Jacek Surowka, member of the presidential security detail
74. Aleksander Marek Szczyglo, Head of the National Security Bureau.
75. Jerzy Szmajdzinski, Vice-Marshal of Polish Parliament (Sejm)
76. Jolanta Szymanek-Deresz, Polish politician, deputy of the Social Democratic Left Alliance
77. Izabela Tomaszewska, Director of the Protocol
78. Marek Uleryk, member of the presidential security detail
79. Anna Walentynowicz, trade union activist, co-founder of the Solidarity movement.
80. Teresa Walewska-Przyjalkowska, Polish social activist, co-chairwoman of the Foundation "Golgota Wschodu"
81.Zbigniew Wasserman, Polish politician, MP representing Law & Justice party
82. Wieslaw Woda, member of Polish Parliament (Sejm) representing Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe
83. Edward Wojtas, Polish politician, member of Parliament, representing PSL
84. Pawel Wypych, Polish politician
85. Stanislaw Zajac, Polish lawyer, politician, member of Parliament (Sejm)
86. Janusz Zakrzenski, motion picture and theatrical actor
87. Gabriela Zych, chairwoman, Kalisz branch of the Katyn Families
88. Capt. Dariusz Michalowski, member of the presidential security detail
Polish Air Force One TU-154M Crew Members:
1. Arkadiusz Protasiuk, Pilot
2. Robert Grzywna, Co-Pilot
3. Andrzej Michalak, Flight Engineer
4. Artur Zietek, Flight Navigator
5. Barbara Maciejczyk, Flight Attendant
6. Natalia Januszko, Flight Attendant
7. Justyna Moniuszko, Flight Attendant
8. Agnieszka Pogrodka-Wieclawek, Flight Attendant